https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2025/12/the-state-of-cardiovascular-health-in-the-european-union_6fb915f3/ea7a15f4-en.pdf

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) остаются ведущей причиной смерти и инвалидности в Европейском Союзе, при этом наблюдаются значительные географические, гендерные и социально-экономические различия в результатах лечения и качестве медицинской помощи. Несмотря на прогресс в профилактике и лечении, пандемия COVID-19 свела на нет некоторые достижения, и большинство стран по-прежнему сталкиваются с проблемами в обеспечении эффективной профилактики, ранней диагностики, доступа к неотложной помощи и долгосрочного лечения. Экономическое и социальное бремя ССЗ огромно, обусловлено преждевременной смертностью, потерей производительности труда и высокими затратами на здравоохранение. Хотя цифровые инструменты здравоохранения, искусственный интеллект и дистанционный мониторинг предлагают многообещающие инновации, их интеграция в национальные системы остается ограниченной. Межсекторальная политика профилактики, реализуемая на протяжении всей жизни, и растущий акцент на ориентированном на человека уходе и реабилитации являются важнейшими рычагами для снижения бремени ССЗ и улучшения долгосрочных результатов в Европе.

Данный доклад представляет собой всестороннюю оценку ССЗ в странах-членах ЕС, сочетая новейшие данные о результатах лечения, факторах риска и эффективности системы здравоохранения с анализом политики и практическими рекомендациями. В нем рассматриваются тенденции смертности, заболеваемости и качества жизни, подчеркивая сохраняющееся неравенство и растущее влияние демографических изменений и множественной сопутствующей патологии. Помимо описания бремени ССЗ, доклад исследует текущую ситуацию в области стратегий профилактики, интеграции медицинской помощи и цифровых инноваций в здравоохранении. Согласовывая национальные усилия с приоритетами ЕС и продвигая ориентированные на человека, основанные на данных подходы, эта публикация призвана помочь политикам в сокращении неравенства, укреплении устойчивости и обеспечении того, чтобы сердечно-сосудистое здоровье было включено в качестве основного приоритета в устойчивые системы здравоохранения.

Table of contents

Preface

Foreword

Acronyms

Executive summary

1 Cardiovascular health in the EU: Key trends and policy directions

1.1. The purpose and scope of this report
1.2. CVD remains one of the leading health challenges for the EU, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic
1.3. A number of key risk factors are driving the CVD burden
1.4. The analysis of the current landscape of CVD prevention and management reveals opportunities for improvement
1.5. Data infrastructure and digital technologies show potential
1.6. Targeted policy action can reduce risk factors and improve health system performance in CVD
1.7. Conclusion
References
Notes

2 The burden of cardiovascular disease

In Brief
2.1. Despite remarkable declines in CVD related mortality since the 1970s, it remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the EU
2.2. CVD related mortality increased in many EU countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, most significantly in countries with high CVD mortality before pandemic
2.3. There are large geographical disparities in CVD mortality across EU countries
2.4. Premature and avoidable mortality from CVD shortens working lives
2.5. CVD leads to over 9.2 million hospital admissions across 22 EU countries each year
2.6. Gender inequalities significantly affect care and, consequently, health outcomes of CVD
2.7. The Economic burden of CVD in EU continues to increase
2.8. Analysing the socio-economic burden of CVD in EU in a wider context
References
Annex 2.A. PaRIS analysis of CVD based on social and demographic factors
Assessing the role of primary care in CVD-related healthcare costs
Notes

3 Preventing and identifying CVD: Targeting key risk factors

In Brief
3.1. Clinical and intermediate factors are driving cardiovascular burden
3.2. Trends in many behavioural and lifestyle factors impacting cardiovascular health have been showing signs of improvement
3.3. Environmental and occupational risk factors
3.4. Non-modifiable risk factors can still be mitigated
3.5. Clinical practice guidelines for CVD prevention exist, but recommendations are not entirely followed
3.6. Conclusion
References
Annex 3.A. DALY Definitions
Annex 3.B. Relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular conditions
Annex 3.C. The healthcare expenditure associated with diseases caused by harmful alcohol consumption
Annex 3.D. Additional analysis of risk factor prevalence among PaRIS respondents
Annex 3.E. Sleep quality among men and women
Annex 3.F. Levels of depression among men and women
Annex 3.G. Exposure to extreme cold
Notes

4 Ensuring high quality and accessible CVD healthcare

In Brief
4.1. High quality primary care is a fundamental for CVD control and management
4.2. Improving the quality of emergency care for better CVD outcomes
4.3. Addressing gaps in the quality of hospital care for CVD
4.4. The scope of access and use of CVD related medical devices varies across countries
4.5. Timeliness of interventions in the acute but non-emergency procedures is also key for improving care quality
4.6. Despite progress made, outcomes of CVD care still vary across countries
4.7. The quality of post-acute and rehabilitative care varies widely, and available comparative data is limited
4.8. Workforce policies are a cross-cutting issue, impacting cardiovascular outcomes
4.9. Innovations in healthcare delivery related to new medicines present both benefits and challenges
4.10. Conclusion
References
Annex 4.A. Risk factor counselling and care plans in primary care for people living with CVD
Annex 4.B. Estimates of cost saving by reducing CVD hospital admissions: Methodology and findings
Annex 4.C. Target ambulance response times
Annex 4.D. Care pathways for AMI, stroke, and cardiac arrest
Annex 4.E. Relationship between waiting time and surgical procedure type in 2023
Annex 4.F. New medicines in cardiovascular medications therapy
Annex 4.G. Countries are seeing increased utilisation of PCKS9 and SGLT2 inhibitors
Notes

5 Leveraging digital technology and health data for cardiovascular health

In Brief
5.1. Digital health technologies show growing potential in CVD care
5.2. Emerging technologies like AI and big data analytics have potential for advancing cardiovascular health
5.3. Leveraging health data is essential to fully realise the benefits of existing and emerging technologies
5.4. Conclusion
References
Notes

6 Designing and implementing effective policies for CVD prevention and control

In Brief
6.1. A comprehensive policy framework encompassing population health efforts and health systems delivery
6.2. National policies are evolving to address multimorbidity and the challenges of an ageing population
6.3. Cross-sectoral prevention policies amplify their impact beyond cardiovascular health
6.4. Strengthening public policy to tackle modifiable drivers of CVD requires actions in several domains
6.5. Policies targeting screening, early detection and risk factor management
6.6. Strengthening citizens and health system early response is crucial to improve care to acute life-threatening conditions
6.7. Advancing care integration is key to improve care for a population living with chronic conditions and multimorbidity
6.8. Embedding people-centredness in service design and care delivery is essential to improve experiences and outcomes
References
Annex 6.A. EU policies and directives related to cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors
Notes

Glossary