https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2019/progress-of-the-worlds-women-2019-2020-en.pdf?la=en&vs=3512

Подробнее о докладе: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2019/0821/reprod03.php

В докладе «Прогресс женщин мира» оцениваются масштабы и характер преобразований в семейной жизни, а также их последствия для деятельности в области обеспечения равноправия и расширения прав и возможностей женщин.

Доклад представляет всеобъемлющую программу действий для ключевых участников, включая сторонников гендерного равенства, национальных правительств и международных организаций с тем, чтобы сделать права человека реальностью для каждой женщины и девочки, независимо от того, в какой семье они живут.

В докладе семья рассматривается как институт, где сосуществуют сотрудничество (солидарность и любовь) и конфликты (неравенство и насилие). Доклад опирается на идеи феминистской экономики, чтобы объяснить как на неравенство в семье влияет неравный вес голоса членов семьи в переговорах, например, по вопросам распределения ресурсов или разделения неоплачиваемого труда по уходу и работы по ведению домашнего хозяйства, и предлагаются решения.

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. WHY FAMILIES? WHY NOW?

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

1.2 LOOKING BACK: PATRIARCHIES PAST AND PRESENT

Varieties of patriarchy

Convergence or diversity of family forms

The slow retreat of patriarchy: continuity and change

Patriarchy's staying power: remaining legal enclaves

Patriarchal practices: persistence and resurgence

1.3 THE REPORT'S CONCEPTUAL AND NORMATIVE FRAMING

Cooperative conflicts in family life

Bringing a human rights perspective to families

1.4 CHANGING FAMILIES IN A CHANGING WORLD

Diversified partnerships, persistent inequalities

The de-linking of sex from biological reproduction

The end of the male breadwinner model: adapting to women's new roles

The commodification and globalization of care

Changing inter-generational contracts: ageing and long-term care have a female face

1.5 MOVING FORWARD: FAMILY-FRIENDLY POLICIES WITH WOMEN'S RIGHTS AT THEIR CENTRE

2. FAMILIES: CONTINUITY, CHANGE AND DIVERSITY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

2.2 WHAT CAN HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL DATA TELL US ABOUT FAMILIES?

Households and families: distinct but inter-connected

Addressing social norms and gender stereotypes in data collection

Limits to population coverage

2.3 WHEN AND HOW WOMEN ENTER AND EXIT PARTNERSHIPS

Global increases in women's age at first marriage

Significant declines in child, early and forced marriage

More women are opting out of marriage

Increases in cohabitation in several regions

Increases in and regional diversity of separation and divorce

2.4 FERTILITY AND GENDER EQUALITY

Global fertility declines

Inequalities among young women: adolescent motherhood

Barriers to realizing fertility preferences in Sub-Saharan Africa

Low fertility in developed countries: the challenge of work and family reconciliation

2.5 WITH WHOM DO WOMEN AND GIRLS LIVE?

Global declines in household size

Global variations in household structure

Girl children and adolescent girls: in which types of households do they live?

A small proportion of adult children reside with their parents

One-parent households: mostly lone mothers

Half of lone mothers live with other relatives

Women's position in extended households

2.6 POPULATION AGEING AND ITS IMPACT ON FAMILIES

Global gains in longevity: older populations are predominantly female

More older women live alone

2.7 CONCLUSION

MAKING PROGRESS/STORY OF CHANGE

The simple scheme that’s driving a quiet revolution for Brazil’s family farmers

3. FAMILY FORMATION AND WOMEN’S AGENCY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

3.2 HUMAN RIGHTS, FAMILY LAWS AND WOMEN’S AGENCY

What do human rights frameworks say about partnerships?

Family laws: a challenging area for reform

3.3 AGENCY IN PARTNERSHIP FORMATION

Factors enabling and constraining women's agency where partnership formation is changing

Constraints on women's agency in the regions where marriage is universal

Public action to support women's agency in entering into partnerships

3.4 VOICE AND EQUALITY WITHIN PARTNERSHIPS

Age of marriage and spousal age difference matter for women's agency

Does type of partnership make a difference for women's agency?

Reproductive agency

3.5 AGENCY TO EXIT PARTNERSHIPS

Social norms, laws and exit options

Women's rights in custody arrangements

3.6 CONCLUSION

MAKING PROGRESS/STORY OF CHANGE

Compassion was a key message’

4. AN INCOME OF HER OWN

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

4.2 WHY WOMEN'S CONTROL OVER RESOURCES MATTERS

Benefits for women's rights and economic security

Increased resources in women's hands also benefit children

4.3 WOMEN'S ACCESS TO OWN INCOME: A RISING TIDE?

Labour force participation rate among individuals aged 25-54, by sex and region, 1998-2018

High labour force participation rates: contrasting scenarios

Decline and stagnation in women's access to resources

4.4 WOMEN'S OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF ASSETS AND PROPERTY

The rules (or laws) of the game: marital property and inheritance regimes

The gender gap in assets

Gender inequality in financial assets

4.5 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF MARRIAGE AND PARTNERSHIP DISSOLUTION

Divorce and separation: gender-differentiated outcomes

The economic consequences of widowhood

Lone-mother families and risk of poverty

4.6 POLICY RESPONSES THAT WORK FOR WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND THEIR FAMILIES

Social transfers to enhance women's income security

Child support for lone-mother families

4.7 CONCLUSION

MAKING PROGRESS/STORY OF CHANGE

Accra’s female market traders blaze a trail on childcare

5. CARING FAMILIES, CARING SOCIETIES

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

5.2 CARING FAMILIES? A STORY OF MULTIPLE INEQUALITIES

Persistent gender inequalities within families

Inequalities among women: caring in divergent families

5.3 CARE, FAMILY DEMOGRAPHICS AND UNMET NEED

A snapshot of care needs

Unmet care needs

5.4 CARING FOR CHILDREN IN DIVERSE FAMILIES

Inter-generational care chains: the role of grandparents

Lone-mother families: caring on their own?

5.5 WHEN CHILDREN'S CARE NEEDS ARE NOT ADDRESSED

5.6 POLICIES TO REDISTRIBUTE CHILDCARE WITHIN AND BEYOND FAMILIES

Paid family leave

Childcare services

5.7 LONG-TERM CARE FOR OLDER PERSONS: WOMEN'S RIGHT TO RECEIVE CARE

Why long-term care matters for women

Women as unpaid carers for older persons

5.8 LONG-TERM CARE POLICIES

Public insurance and subsidies

Building integrated LTC systems

5.9 INVESTING IN CARE POLICIES: THE BENEFITS FOR FAMILIES, SOCIETIES AND ECONOMIES

5.10 CONCLUSION

MAKING PROGRESS/STORY OF CHANGE

Historic victory: Reforming the laws that forced women to marry their rapists

6. WHEN HOME IS WHERE THE HARM IS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

6.2 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN THE FAMILY: MULTIPLE FORMS, PERVASIVE AND WITH SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES

VAWG in the family exists in multiple forms

VAWG in the family is a global phenomenon

The serious consequences of violence

6.3 WHY DOES VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FAMILY PERSIST?

How gender inequality operates as a root cause of VAW in the family

Harmful masculinities: male entitlement, control and dominance

Women's expected submission and sexual subservience

Women's lack of long-term economic security and autonomy

The family as a private space and the ideology of family harmony

6.4 VIOLENCE IS NOT INEVITABLE: MAKING FAMILIES A PLACE OF EQUALITY, DIGNITY AND SAFETY

Enacting comprehensive laws and ensuring access to justice

Coordinated and multi-sectoral services that prioritize women's safety and empowerment

Preventing violence against women and girls in the family: a different world is possible

6.5 CONCLUSION

MAKING PROGRESS/STORY OF CHANGE

Gaining protection for Indonesia's migrant workers and their families

7. FAMILIES ON THE MOVE

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter overview

7.2 FAMILIES ON THE MOVE: TRENDS AND DRIVERS

The changing geography and drivers of migration

Women, men and their families migrate for reasons that are diverse and complex

Why are women and families on the move?

7.3 THE ROLE OF REGULATIONS AND POLICIES IN SHAPING FAMILY LIFE FOR MIGRANT WOMEN

Regulations and policies can enable or constrain migrant women's access to family life

Policies to protect migrant women's right to live free from violence

7.4 NEGOTIATING CARE, RESOURCES AND SOCIAL NORMS IN TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY LIFE

Providing care in the context of migration

Monetary remittances and gifts

Changing ideas and social norms around family life

7.5 MIGRATION GOVERNANCE TO SUPPORT WOMEN AND FAMILIES

7.6 CONCLUSION

WHAT WILL IT COST? FINANCING A PACKAGE OF FAMILY-FRIENDLY POLICIES TO SUPPORT GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT

Social protection, health and care services: vital investments for women, families and societies

The approach

A family-friendly package of policies is affordable for most countries

Mobilizing resources

RECOMMENDATIONS TO BRING EQUALITY HOME

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Establish family laws that recognize diversity and promote equality and non-discrimination

2. Ensure high-quality, accessible public services to support families and gender equality

3. Guarantee women's access to an adequate, independent income

4. Support families to care by providing time, money and services

5. Prevent and respond to violence against women in families

6. Implement policies and regulations that support migrant families and women's rights

7. Invest in gender-sensitive statistics on families and households

8. Ensure resources are in place for family-friendly policies

MAKING CHANGE HAPPEN

I STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND ACCOMPANYING TABLES: READER'S GUIDE

Annex 1-8 available at http://progress.unwomen.org

ANNEX 8: REGIONAL GROUPINGS

ENDNOTES AND REFERENCES

BACKGROUND PAPERS

DISCUSSION PAPERS

ENDNOTES

REFERENCES