https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/b3704e14-en.pdf?expires=1731968922&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=80B315B79A841138AE51593F47909D58

Серия "Health at a Glance: Europe" издается каждые 2 года. В выпуске за 2024 год рассматриваются основные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются европейские системы здравоохранения в период после пандемии COVID-19. Доклад включает две тематические главы. В первой главе дается всесторонний анализ нехватки медицинских кадров в Европе - давней проблемы, усугубленной огромной нагрузкой, которую пандемия оказала на системы здравоохранения. В ней рассматриваются факторы, лежащие в основе этой нехватки, и предлагаются политические стратегии по привлечению, обучению и удержанию кадров, необходимых для создания устойчивых систем здравоохранения. Во второй главе рассматриваются последние тенденции в области здоровья стареющего населения Европы. Поскольку продолжительность жизни продолжает расти, а доля населения старше 65 лет неуклонно увеличивается, в главе рассматриваются приоритетные задачи по содействию здоровому долголетию для снижения нагрузки на системы здравоохранения и долгосрочного ухода. В остальных главах представлен сравнительный обзор последних данных о состоянии здоровья, факторах риска и эффективности систем здравоохранения в 27 странах-членах ЕС, 9 странах-кандидатах в члены ЕС, 3 странах Европейской ассоциации свободной торговли и Великобритании.

Table of contents

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Readers' guide
Executive summary

Part I Thematic chapters

1 Addressing health workforce challenges in the EU: Training, retaining, innovating

1.1. Introduction
1.2. Unpacking the key drivers of health worker supply and demand
1.3. Past trends and current challenges in health workforce in the EU
1.4. Improving health workforce planning to guide policy decision-making
1.5. Increasing the education and training of new doctors and nurses
1.6. Improving job quality to increase retention
1.7. Innovating to optimise the use of skills and new technologies
1.8. Conclusions
References
Notes

2 Living longer, living healthier? Promoting healthy longevity in Europe

2.1. Introduction
2.2. People are living longer in the EU
2.3. Are people living healthier in the EU?
2.4. The burden of diseases and injuries among older people in the EU
2.5. Risk factors to health among older people in the EU
2.6. Promoting healthy longevity
2.7. Conclusions
References
Annex 2.A. Gains in life expectancy and HALE at age 60, based on WHO data
Notes

Part II Overview of health indicators

3 Health status

Trends in life expectancy
Healthy life expectancy at birth and at age 65
Main causes of mortality
Mortality from circulatory diseases
Cancer mortality
Cancer incidence and prevalence
Self-rated health among adults
Chronic conditions and disabilities among adults
Adolescent health
Adult mental health

4 Risk factors

Tobacco and cannabis smoking among adolescents
Smoking and vaping among adults
Alcohol consumption among adolescents
Alcohol consumption among adults
Use of illicit drugs among adults
Nutrition among adolescents
Nutrition among adults
Physical activity among children and adolescents
Physical activity among adults
Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents
Overweight and obesity among adults
Impact of environmental factors on health

5 Health expenditure and financing

Health expenditure per capita
Health expenditure in relation to GDP
Financing of health expenditure
Health expenditure by type of service
Expenditure on primary healthcare
Health expenditure by provider
Pharmaceutical expenditure

6 Effectiveness: Quality of care and patient experience

Avoidable mortality (preventable and treatable)
Routine vaccinations
Cancer screening
Avoidable hospital admissions
Integrated care
Mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Mortality following stroke
Hip and knee surgery: Outcomes and emergency responsiveness
Healthcare-associated infections
Safe acute care: Workplace culture and patient experiences

7 Accessibility: Affordability, availability and use of services

Unmet healthcare needs
Population coverage for healthcare
Extent of healthcare coverage
Financial hardship and out-of-pocket expenditure
Availability of doctors
Remuneration of doctors (general practitioners and specialists)
Availability of dentists and consultations with dentists
Availability of nurses
Remuneration of nurses
Use of diagnostic technologies
Hospital beds and discharges
Volumes of hip and knee replacements
Waiting times for elective surgery

8 Resilience: Crisis preparedness, response capacity and fiscal sustainability

Crisis preparedness and public trust in institutions
Public health laboratory and critical care capacities
Antimicrobial resistance and safe antibiotic prescribing
Public health measures: Vaccination to protect older people
Use of teleconsultations
Digital health readiness
Medical and nursing graduates
Capital expenditure in the health sector
Public expenditure projections for health and long-term care

Annex A. Statistical annex