https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/publications/m/ageing-and-health-the-politics-of-better-policies

Должно ли старение населения создавать конфликт между поколениями и кризис для систем здравоохранения? Ответ авторов книги - нет. Проблема заключается не столько в демографических изменениях, сколько в демографической политике и политической задаче создания справедливой, устойчивой и эффективной политики для людей всех возрастов. Данная книга, основанная на крупном исследовании Европейской обсерватории, использует новые данные, чтобы опровергнуть некоторые мифы, связанные со старением и его последствиями для экономики и систем здравоохранения. "Кризис", с которым сталкивается Западная Европа, заключается не столько в изменении демографических показателей, сколько в том, что в настоящее время существует мало достаточных и эффективных стратегий для поддержки устойчивого изменения. Стареющие общества не обречены на кризис или даже на трудности в поддержании своего социального государства. Существуют беспроигрышные решения, которые можно вывести из подхода на протяжении всей жизни, но они часто требуют преодоления узких интересов путем создания более широких коалиций.

Contents

List of Figures page
List of Tables
List of Boxes
Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

1.1 Two Very Different Narratives Depicting Ageing Societies
1.2 What Are the Consequences of Seeing Population Ageing in a Negative Light?
1.3 Are Policy Concerns about Population Ageing Evidence-Based?
1.3.1 Population Ageing Will Not Become a Major Driver of Health Expenditure Growth
1.3.2 Population Ageing Will Lead to Changes in Paid and Unpaid Work, but These Can Be Managed
1.4 The Coronavirus Pandemic: Intergenerational Conflict or Revealing Consequences of Longstanding Inequalities?
1.5 Win-Win Policy and Politics: the Life-Course Approach
1.6 The Book in Brief
1.7 Conclusion

2 Older People in Europe

2.1 Diversity and Inequality
2.1.1 Income Insecurity Varies across the European Region, but It Is Better to Be on the Margins in Northern & Western Europe Than in Eastern Europe
2.1.2 Most Older People Are Not in Paid Work but the Odds of Not Working Are Higher in Eastern Europe Than in Northern and Western Europe
2.1.3 Older People in Eastern Europe Are Most Likely to Live in Multigenerational Households
2.1.4 The Health of Older People Varies across Regions
2.2 What Do Commonly Used Data Say about Population Ageing and Its Effects on Society?

3 Ageing Equally: Politics, Health and Solidarity

3.1 The 'Greedy Geezer' Narrative
3.2 The Demand-Side Explanation for Win-Lose Policies: Partially, but Only Partially, Correct
3.2.1 Older People Do Make Up a Large Share of Voters
3.2.2 Sometimes Older Adults Prefer Win-Lose Policies, and Act Politically to Try to Get Them
3.2.3 Social Policy Preferences of Older and Younger People Are Often Not As Different As We Expect
3.3 Older Voters Do Not Vote As a Bloc
3.4 The Supply-Side Explanation for Win-Lose Policies Is Also Partly, but Only Partly, Right
3.4.1 There Is Some Evidence of Politicians Responding to Demands from Older Voters When Making Social Policy Choices
3.4.2 Policy Is Mainly a Response to Factors Other Than Pressure from Older People
3.5 Weighing the Evidence 54
3.5.1 Are Older People 'Greedy', Rationally Demanding or Deserving?
3.5.2 Social Policies Generally Result Mainly from Considerations Unrelated to Demand from Voters
3.6 Conclusion
3.7 Appendix

4 The Coalitional Politics of Win-Wins

4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Intra- and Intergenerational Solidarity Across Europe
4.2 Intra- and Intergenerational Solidarity in an Era of Austerity
4.3 The Politics of Healthy Ageing
4.3.1 Why is the Win-Win So Difficult to Achieve?
4.4 Coalitions and Healthy Ageing
4.5 New Challenges
4.6 Conclusion

5 Unequal Ageing: the Politics of Ageing As the Politics of Health Inequalities

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Unequal Ageing: Who Gets to Be Old?
5.2.1 Gender Inequalities in Health
5.2.2 Ethnic Inequalities in Health
5.2.3 Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health
5.2.4 Geographical Inequalities in Health
5.2.5 Intersectional Inequalities
5.2.6 Trends in Health Inequalities
5.2.7 COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Inequalities
5.3 What Causes Health Inequalities?
5.3.1 Material Resources: the Social Determinants of Health
5.3.2 Explaining Geographic Inequalities in Health
5.4 Beyond the Social Position and Place: the Political Economy Approach
5.5 Conclusion

6 The Implications of Win-Win and Win-Lose Policies for the 'Ageing Crisis'

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Win-Win Policies and Healthy Ageing
6.2.1 The English Health Inequalities Strategy as a Win-Win Strategy
6.2.2 German Reunification: Drawing Lessons from an Unusual Win-Win
6.3 Win-Lose Policies and the Implications for Healthy Ageing
6.3.1 Austerity Politics and Ageing in the UK
6.3.2 Health Inequalities and the "Americanization" of European Political Economy
6.4 Conclusion

7 Conclusion

7.1 Tearing Down Straw Men
7.2 Equity, Intergenerational and Other
7.3 After the Straw Men: Understanding the Politics of Ageing and Health
7.4 Getting to a Win-Win

Bibliography

Index