|
8. Коэффициент младенческой смертности*
|
Страна
|
Годы
|
|
1960
|
1965
|
1970
|
1975
|
1980
|
1985
|
1990
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
|
Австралия
|
20.0
|
18.0
|
17.0
|
13.0
|
10.7
|
10.0
|
8.2
|
5.7
|
5.0
|
5.3
|
5.0
|
5.7
|
5.2
|
5.0
|
5.0
|
|
Австрия
|
37.6
|
28.1
|
25.6
|
20.5
|
14.4
|
11.1
|
7.9
|
5.4
|
5.1
|
4.7
|
4.9
|
4.3
|
4.8
|
4.8
|
4.1
|
|
Белоруссия
|
34.9
|
23.1
|
18.8
|
18.7
|
16.3
|
14.5
|
11.9
|
13.3
|
12.5
|
12.4
|
11.3
|
11.5
|
9.4
|
9.1
|
7.8
|
|
Бельгия
|
23.7
|
23.5
|
21.1
|
16.1
|
12.2
|
9.8
|
8.0
|
6.0
|
5.0
|
5.4
|
5.2
|
4.9
|
4.8
|
4.5
|
4.4
|
|
Болгария
|
45.3
|
30.6
|
27.1
|
22.9
|
20.0
|
15.3
|
14.6
|
14.5
|
15.6
|
17.1
|
14.5
|
14.9
|
13.4
|
14.5
|
13.3
|
|
Босния и Герцеговина
|
107
|
83.7
|
70.0
|
42.6
|
31.5
|
25.0
|
15.3
|
17.0
|
14.0
|
12.4
|
11.0
|
10.1
|
9.7
|
7.6
|
9.4
|
|
Великобритания
|
22.8
|
19.5
|
18.4
|
18.6
|
14.0
|
11.2
|
7.9
|
6.1
|
6.1
|
5.8
|
5.7
|
5.8
|
5.6
|
5.5
|
5.2
|
|
Венгрия
|
47.3
|
38.8
|
35.8
|
33.0
|
23.0
|
20.4
|
14.9
|
10.6
|
10.8
|
9.8
|
9.7
|
8.4
|
9.3
|
8.1
|
7.2
|
|
Германия
|
35.1
|
24.0
|
22.3
|
18.8
|
12.5
|
9.1
|
7.1
|
5.3
|
5.0
|
4.9
|
4.6
|
4.5
|
4.4
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
|
Греция
|
40.1
|
33.9
|
29.7
|
23.8
|
17.9
|
14.0
|
9.7
|
8.1
|
7.2
|
6.4
|
6.7
|
6.1
|
5.9
|
5.1
|
5.1
|
|
Дания
|
21.6
|
18.7
|
14.2
|
10.4
|
8.4
|
8.0
|
7.5
|
5.1
|
5.5
|
5.2
|
4.7
|
4.2
|
5.3
|
4.9
|
4.4
|
|
Ирландия
|
29.3
|
25.2
|
19.5
|
17.5
|
11.1
|
8.8
|
8.2
|
6.4
|
6.1
|
6.2
|
5.9
|
5.9
|
6.3
|
6.0
|
5.3
|
|
Испания
|
36.1
|
29.3
|
21.0
|
18.8
|
12.3
|
8.9
|
7.6
|
5.5
|
5.5
|
5.0
|
4.8
|
4.5
|
4.4
|
3.5
|
4.6
|
|
Италия
|
43.9
|
35.7
|
29.3
|
21.0
|
14.4
|
10.5
|
8.2
|
6.2
|
6.1
|
5.6
|
5.4
|
5.1
|
4.5
|
4.7
|
4.5
|
|
Канада
|
26.0
|
21.0
|
16.0
|
12.0
|
9.0
|
7.0
|
6.0
|
6.1
|
5.6
|
5.5
|
5.2
|
5.5
|
5.3
|
5.0
|
5.0
|
|
Республика Корея
|
70.0
|
58.0
|
38.0
|
30.0
|
23.0
|
14.0
|
11.0
|
9.0
|
8.0
|
8.0
|
7.8
|
7.6
|
7.8
|
7.6
|
7.4
|
|
Латвия
|
27.0
|
18.6
|
17.9
|
20.3
|
15.4
|
13.0
|
13.5
|
17.8
|
15.3
|
12.8
|
14.9
|
11.6
|
10.5
|
10.9
|
9.9
|
|
Литва
|
38.0
|
24.5
|
19.4
|
19.6
|
14.5
|
14.3
|
10.3
|
12.4
|
9.9
|
10.2
|
9.2
|
8.6
|
8.5
|
7.8
|
7.9
|
|
Македония
|
117
|
105
|
88.0
|
65.1
|
54.9
|
43.6
|
31.7
|
23.1
|
16.3
|
15.5
|
16.5
|
14.9
|
12.0
|
11.9
|
10.2
|
|
Молдавия
|
48.9
|
33.8
|
24.1
|
43.2
|
35.0
|
30.9
|
19.0
|
21.2
|
19.9
|
18.8
|
16.6
|
18.5
|
18.3
|
16.3
|
14.7
|
|
Нидерланды
|
16.5
|
14.4
|
12.7
|
10.6
|
8.6
|
8.1
|
7.1
|
5.4
|
5.7
|
5.0
|
5.2
|
5.2
|
5.1
|
5.4
|
5.0
|
|
Новая Зеландия
|
21.0
|
18.0
|
16.0
|
14.0
|
12.0
|
10.0
|
7.0
|
6.7
|
7.0
|
6.5
|
5.5
|
5.6
|
6.1
|
5.3
|
5.6
|
|
Норвегия
|
15.9
|
14.7
|
11.1
|
9.2
|
8.0
|
8.5
|
6.9
|
4.0
|
4.0
|
4.1
|
3.9
|
3.9
|
3.8
|
3.9
|
3.5
|
|
Польша
|
54.8
|
43.2
|
36.7
|
29.0
|
25.5
|
22.0
|
19.3
|
13.4
|
12.2
|
10.1
|
9.5
|
8.8
|
8.1
|
7.6
|
7.5
|
|
Португалия
|
81.5
|
65.7
|
58.4
|
39.3
|
24.2
|
17.5
|
11.0
|
7.5
|
6.9
|
6.5
|
6.0
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
5.0
|
5.0
|
|
Россия
|
36.6
|
26.6
|
23.0
|
23.7
|
22.1
|
20.7
|
17.3
|
18.1
|
17.4
|
17.2
|
16.5
|
16.9
|
15.3
|
14.7
|
13.3
|
|
Румыния
|
74.5
|
43.0
|
47.5
|
34.6
|
29.0
|
26.0
|
25.0
|
21.1
|
22.2
|
22.1
|
20.5
|
18.5
|
18.6
|
18.2
|
17.2
|
|
Сербия и Черногория
|
84.7
|
73.3
|
54.4
|
43.0
|
33.3
|
32.9
|
24.8
|
16.3
|
14.6
|
13.8
|
13.9
|
13.5
|
13.2
|
13.3
|
14.6
|
|
Словакия
|
28.9
|
28.4
|
25.7
|
23.7
|
20.8
|
16.3
|
12.0
|
10.9
|
10.2
|
8.7
|
8.8
|
8.3
|
8.6
|
6.2
|
7.6
|
|
Словения
|
35.1
|
29.6
|
24.5
|
17.5
|
15.1
|
13.0
|
8.2
|
5.5
|
4.7
|
5.1
|
5.2
|
4.5
|
4.9
|
4.2
|
3.8
|
|
США
|
26.0
|
24.5
|
20.0
|
16.1
|
12.6
|
10.6
|
9.2
|
7.6
|
8.0
|
7.1
|
7.2
|
7.1
|
6.9
|
6.8
|
6.9
|
|
Украина
|
18.8
|
20.2
|
17.2
|
19.7
|
16.6
|
15.7
|
12.8
|
14.6
|
14.3
|
14.0
|
12.8
|
12.8
|
11.9
|
11.3
|
10.3
|
|
Финляндия
|
21.0
|
17.6
|
13.2
|
9.6
|
7.6
|
6.3
|
5.7
|
3.9
|
4.0
|
3.9
|
4.2
|
3.6
|
3.7
|
3.2
|
3.0
|
|
Франция
|
27.5
|
22.2
|
18.2
|
13.7
|
10.1
|
8.4
|
7.4
|
4.9
|
4.8
|
4.7
|
4.6
|
4.3
|
4.4
|
4.5
|
4.2
|
|
Хорватия
|
70.0
|
49.9
|
33.9
|
23.0
|
20.5
|
16.4
|
10.7
|
9.0
|
8.2
|
8.3
|
7.9
|
7.7
|
7.3
|
7.6
|
7.0
|
|
Чехия
|
20.1
|
23.6
|
20.3
|
19.3
|
16.6
|
12.5
|
10.8
|
7.6
|
6.0
|
5.9
|
5.2
|
4.6
|
4.1
|
4.0
|
4.2
|
|
Швейцария
|
21.1
|
17.8
|
15.1
|
10.7
|
9.1
|
6.9
|
6.9
|
5.0
|
4.7
|
4.8
|
4.8
|
4.6
|
4.9
|
4.9
|
4.5
|
|
Швеция
|
16.6
|
13.3
|
11.0
|
8.6
|
6.9
|
6.8
|
6.0
|
4.1
|
3.9
|
3.6
|
3.5
|
3.4
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
3.3
|
|
Эстония
|
31.1
|
20.3
|
17.7
|
18.2
|
17.1
|
14.1
|
12.3
|
14.9
|
10.5
|
10.0
|
9.4
|
9.7
|
8.5
|
8.8
|
5.7
|
|
Япония
|
25.0
|
16.0
|
12.0
|
9.0
|
7.0
|
5.0
|
4.0
|
4.3
|
4.0
|
3.7
|
3.6
|
4.0
|
3.2
|
3.1
|
3.3
|
* Число детей, умерших в возрасте до 1 года, на 1000 родившихся
живыми.
Источники:
- Демографический
ежегодник России. 2002. Москва, Госкомстат
- Recent
demographic developments in Europe. 2003. Council of Europe.
Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, 2003
- World Population Prospects. The 2000 Revision. Volume I: Comprehensive
Tables. United Nations. New York, 2001
- Jean-Paul Sardon. Évolution démographique récente
des pays développés. Population-F,
N 57 (1), 2002, 123-170
- Jean-Paul Sardon. Recent Demographic Trends in the Developed
Countries. Population-E, N 59 (2), 2004, 263-314
- Statistics New Zealand
- Australian Bureau of Statistics
- Statistics Canada
- United
Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statictics
Division. Millennium Profiles
- CIA
- World Factbook
- INED. Base de données.
La conjoncture des pays développés en chiffres.
- A
Decade of Transition. The MONEE Project. CEE/CIS/Baltics. United
Nations Children's Fund. Regional monitoring report. No.8 -
2001.
- US Census
Bureau. International data base
- Infoplease
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