№ 603, September 2022

The Population of the World, 2022

Gilles Pison, Etienne Couppié, Arianna Caporali

Every 2 or 3 years, Population & Societies publishes a special issue called ‘The Population of the World’, presenting an overall picture of the situation across the globe. The world population was approximately 8 billion in 2022. It has risen eightfold over the last 200 years and may well reach 10 billion by the end of the 21st century

https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/33071/603_en_web.en.pdf

№ 604, October 2022

World population: 8 billion today, how many tomorrow?

Gilles Pison

The world population will reach 8 billion in 2022 and should reach 9 billion by around 2037. The pace of increase is slowing, however. After peaking at 2% 60 years ago, annual growth has fallen by half (1% in 2022) and should continue to decrease until the population levels off at around 10 billion at the end of the century. One of the major demographic features of future decades will be the considerable population growth in Africa, where the population could almost triple by the end of the century, rising from 1.4 billion in 2022 to 3.9 billion in 2100.

https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/33120/604.ang.web.en.pdf

№ 605, November 2022

Very masculine, not very feminine: social variations of gender

Mathieu Trachman

The majority of women see themselves as quite feminine, and the majority of men as quite masculine. This probably reflects a feeling of ‘normality’ in terms of gender: being a woman most often goes with a sense of moderate femininity. Yet, gender positionings are organized differently by the two sexes: while one-third of men report being ‘very masculine’, less than a quarter of women feel ‘very feminine’; just over 9% of women feel ‘not very feminine’, while just 2% of men feel ‘not very masculine’. Differences in gender variations between the sexes doubtless reflect a lower value attributed to what is female than to what is male, but also an uncertainty about what it means to be a man or a woman.

https://www.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/33161/605.ang.web.en.pdf

№ 606, December 2022

Stagnating female employment rates in France after several decades of growth

Henri Martin

While female labour force participation (LFP) and employment rates at ages 30–55 increased steadily in France from the cohorts born in the 1920s, the most recent data show that these rates have stagnated for women born after 1970. Among men, LFP and employment rates at these ages have decreased slowly but continuously across cohorts. The gender gap in LFP and employment rates is still narrowing but at an ever slower pace. For the cohorts born before 1970, this convergence between men and women was due mainly to higher female LFP rates, but it is now entirely attributable to declining rates among men. At ages close to retirement age (55–59 years), the most recent data show a sharp increase in LFP and employment for men and women alike. This is the direct consequence of the various reforms designed to raise employment rates among older workers and increase the retirement age.

https://www.ined.fr/fichier/rte/221/Popetsoc/606/606A_web.pdf