THE NEW DEMOGRAPHIC REGIME POPULATION CHALLENGES AND POLICY RESPONSES Edited by Miroslav Macura, Alphonse L. MacDonald and Werner Haug United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2005, 320 pages

Данная публикация включает основные и вспомогательные материалы, приготовленные к Форуму по вопросам народонаселения, проведенного в Женеве, Швейцария, 12-14 января 2004 года. Форум, который принимало в своей стране правительство Швейцарии, был совместно организован Европейской экономической комиссией Организации Объединенных Наций (ЮНИСЕФ) и Фондом Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения (ЮНФПА). Одна из его задач состояла в том, чтобы оценить выполнение Программы действия, принятой на Международной Конференции по населению и развитию (ICPD), проведенной в Каире в 1994 г., как части международного десятилетнего обзора. Триста шестьдесят экспертов посетили Форум. Это были представители от руководителей правительств и законодательных властей, академических и научно-исследовательских институтов, гражданских организаций общества и частного сектора, они прибыли от 47 государств - членов ЮНИСЕФ. Были также эксперты от секретариата Организации Объединенных Наций, фондов Организации Объединенных Наций, программ и специализированных агентств, так же как от других международных и региональных межправительственных организаций.
Концептуальные выступления на Форуме были сделаны по темам: "Население и развитие в Европе в последнем десятилетии" и "Политические проблемы демографических изменений в Европе: вопросы общего характера". На четырех тематических заседаниях были рассмотрены темы:

• Тенденции в области народонаселения, мира и развития: европейский взгляд;
  
• Рождаемость и выполнение родительских функций в странах с низким уровнем рождаемости: стимулирующий выбор;
  
• Заболеваемость, смертность и репродуктивное здоровье: решение проблем, существующих в странах с переходной экономикой;
  
• " Международная миграция: стимулирование регулирования и интеграции.

CONTENTS

Explanatory notes
Abbreviations
Country lists
Preface

CHAPTER 1
POLICY CHALLENGES OF EUROPE'S DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: FROM PAST PERSPECTIVES TO FUTURE PROSPECTS
Paul Demeny
Overview of the current situation
Historical context
Perspectives from the first half of the 20th century
The challenge for population policy
Future demographic prospects
References

CHAPTER 2
FACING THE 21ST CENTURY: NEW DEVELOPMENTS, CONTINUING PROBLEMS
David Coleman
Introduction: trends and concepts of the 1990s
The second demographic transition
Population ageing and population decline
Immigration and its discontents
The demographic effect of migration - immigrant, foreign and ethnic minority populations in 2000
Concluding remarks
References

CHAPTER 3
RESPONSES TO THE NEW DEMOGRAPHICS: PRESENT AND FUTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION
Jerome Vignon
A coordinated policy response to demographic ageing
Limits to adjustment - new European views on immigration policies
Increased fertility as an explicit aim of European policies?
Conclusion

CHAPTER 4
POPULATION CHALLENGES AND POLICY RESPONSES: THE AUSTRIAN APPROACH
Ursula Haubner
Introduction
Consequences and challenges of the demographic developments
Importance and tools of family policy
Resume and outlook

CHAPTER 5
PARTNERSHIP, CfflLDBEARING AND PARENTING: TRENDS OF THE 1990s
Francesco Billari
Introduction
Situation and trends in the UNECE region during the 1990s
Family formation and its interrelationships
Different families of explanation
Outlook
References

CHAPTER 6
TRENDS IN POLICIES FOR FAMILY-FRIENDLY SOCIETIES
AnneH. Gauthier
Introduction: Geneva, Cairo, and the policy context
An overview of the social, demographic and economic contexts and the policy responses
Types and levels of state support for families across the UNECE region
Trends in financial assistance to families since 1994
Trends in state support to working parents since 1994
The effects of state support for families
Conclusions and future trends
References

CHAPTER 7
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND LABOUR MARKETS: THE CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS
Thomas K. Bauer, John P. Haisken-DeNew and Christoph M. Schmidt
Introduction
Labour migration
The performance of migrants
Impact of migration
Future prospects
References

CHAPTER 8
INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL DIMENSIONS
Rinus Penninx
Introduction
Overview of migration and integration policies in Europe
Immigration and integration policies in Europe: pressures for new approaches?
References

CHAPTER 9
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE TRANSITION COUNTRIES OF EUROPE
Ellen Nolte, Martin McKee and Anna Gilmore
Background
The health impact of transition
Patterns of mortality in transition countries
Policy responses
Conclusion
References

CHAPTER 10
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE TRANSITION COUNTRIES OF EUROPE
Florina Serbanescu, Howard Goldberg and Leo Morris
Introduction
The context for reproductive health
Selected reproductive health issues
Key challenges to be addressed
References

CHAPTER 11
OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE LEVELS AND SPENDING ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS SINCE THE ICPD
Vicky Claeys and Eef Wuyts
Introduction
Background: What is the DAC Watch Project?
Levels of official development assistance in DAC countries: a decade of history
Funding for sexual and reproductive health and rights in development: an overview since the ICPD
Sexual and Reproductive Health policies as part of the development aid strategies of European donor countries (plus Canada and the United States)
New trends in development and upcoming political challenges: what are the consequences for the implementation of the ICPD Programme of Action?
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1: Definition of the costed population package
Appendix 2: The Mexico City Policy
Appendix 3: Description of the international sexual and reproductive health policies of European countries, Canada and the United States
Appendix 4: European snapshots - individual country tables providing an overview of each donor's commitments to ODA and SRHR

CHAPTER 12
PROGRESS IN POLICY-MAKING IN POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES
Jorg F. Maas and Christian Resch
Preface
Introduction
The national political scene
Ageing
Immigration
The 'next wave' - HIV/AIDS as a growing problem of reproductive health in the UNECE region
The regional dimension
The current political situation: a UNECE region divided?
Conclusions and recommendations
References

CHAPTER 13
A DECADE OF EXPERIENCE WITH IMPLEMENTING THE ICPD PROGRAMME OF ACTION: THE UNFPA FIELD INQUIRY IN THE UNECE REGION
Tomas Frejka
Introduction
Background
Countries in transition
Western countries
Concluding thoughts
References

FINAL DOCUMENT OF THE FORUM
Executive summary
Summary of deliberations

ANNEX 1
PROGRAMME OF THE FORUM

ANNEX 2
ADVISORY GROUP

ANNEX 3
FRIENDS OF THE CHAIR